Animals anaesthetized with 5% chloral hydrate in normal saline and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus (RWD Life Science) were implanted bilaterally with a guide cannula with stylus aimed to the paired lateral ventricles following the coordinates below: anteroposterior, −0.5 mm; lateral, ±1.0 mm; dorsoventral, −2.5 mm. The cannulas were positioned in place with acrylic dental cement and secured with skull screws. A stylus was placed in the guide cannula to prevent clogging43 (link). Animals were allowed to recover from surgery for a week before experimental manipulations. For microinfusion, the stylus was removed from the guide cannula, and an infusion cannula connected to a microsyringe via a tubing was inserted. Peptides (50 mM in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, 3 μl per side) were microinfused into lateral ventricles through the microsyringe driven by a microinfusion pump (KDS 310, KD Scientific) at the rate of 0.2 μl/min.
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