The inhibitors used in this study were K02288 (Selleckchem, S7359, Houston, TX, USA), Galunisertib/LY2157299 (Selleckchem, S2230), RepSox (Sigma‐Aldrich/Merck, R0158), A‐83‐01 (MedChem Express, HY‐10432, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), Erlotinib (EGFRi, Selleckchem, S1023), and human ALK1 inhibitory antibody (R&D Systems, MAB3701). The hepsin inhibitory antibody (Ab25) was a kind gift from Dr. Kirchhofer, Genentech [10 (link)]. ZFH7116 provided by Dr. Janetka [12 (link)]. The antibodies used in this study were Anti‐sheep HRP (Upstate cell signaling solutions, #12‐342), anti‐rabbit HRP (Millipore, AP132P, Burlington, MA, USA), anti‐hepsin (R&D Systems, AF4776), anti‐GAPDH (CST#2118S), anti‐β‐tubulin (Abcam, ab6046, Cambridge, UK), anti‐pEGFR Y1068 (Abcam, ab40815), anti‐EGFR (Abcam, ab32077), anti‐pSmad2/3 (CST#8828), anti‐Smad2/3 (CST#8685), anti‐Smad2 (CST#5339), anti‐pH3 (Santa Cruz, sc‐8656, Dallas, TX, USA), total‐H3 (CST#9715), anti‐V5 (Invitrogen, #R96025), anti‐Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580), anti‐cleaved caspase 3 (CST#9661), anti‐F‐actin (phalloidin staining) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A22283), anti‐pSmad1/5 (CST#9516) and anti‐ALK‐1 (R&D Systems, AF370).
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