LNCaP, 22RV-1 and VCaP cells were seeded in triplicate at a density of 5,000 cells/well into 96-well tissue culture plates, where they were allowed to adhere for 24 h and treated with/without 1 µM DOX and/or 30 µM Casodex® (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) at 37°C for various indicated time periods. Relative cell viability was quantified by MTT analysis using a protocol described previously (34 (link)).