Analyses of three-dimensional (3-D) surface characteristics were performed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM; LEXT OLS3000, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) at 50× magnification in a 256 × 192 μm2 area (n = 5). The surface texture parameters, in particular the arithmetical mean height, Sa; the root mean square height, Sq; and the maximum pit height, Sv, were calculated in accordance with ISO 25,178 [51 (link)]. The surface analysis was independently carried out in 2 points at the center, and a total of 10 measurements was obtained for each plasma group.
The surface microstructures of the specimens were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; JSM-7800F Prime, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5.0 kV and a working distance (WD) of 6.0 mm at 3000×, 10,000×, and 30,000× magnifications (n = 1).
The surface microstructures of the specimens were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; JSM-7800F Prime, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5.0 kV and a working distance (WD) of 6.0 mm at 3000×, 10,000×, and 30,000× magnifications (n = 1).
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