Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded patient tissue samples were obtained using the University of Calgary Research Ethics Board protocol REB14-1965. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out as per standard protocol by the Alberta Precisions Laboratories (Calgary, Canada). Immunohistochemistry was performed on the slides as described.10 (link) In brief, endogenous peroxidase activity was inhibited with 3% hydrogen peroxide. The slides were then blocked with 4% goat serum before being incubated with a primary mouse antibody against SARS-CoV-2 (GeneTex GTX632604, Clone1A9) overnight at 4°C. After washing with phosphate buffer solution (5 times, 5 min each), the slides were incubated with biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody overnight (BA-9200-1.5, Vector Laboratories). Chromogen readout was achieved using the avidin/biotin peroxidase system (PK-6100, Vector Laboratories) and NovaRed substrate (SK-4805, Vector Laboratories).