Parasitological tests used were: at least 3 stool samples examined with microscopy (formol-ether concentration) and Koga agar plate culture [23 (link),24 (link)]. These methods were performed at the CTD. The serology tests evaluated were: the CTD in-house immunofluorescence technique (IFAT) [13 (link)], two commercial ELISA tests (Bordier ELISA [10 (link)] and IVD ELISA [11 (link)]) and two techniques based on the recombinant antigen NIE (NIE-ELISA [25 (link)] and NIE-LIPS [26 (link)]. IFAT and the two commercial ELISA tests were executed by senior staff of the CTD Negrar (Verona), Italy, while NIE-LIPS and NIE-ELISA were up to senior staff of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, US and of the Instituto de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales of the University of Salta/CONICET, Oran, Argentina. Lab staff were blinded to the patients’ data and to the results of the other tests.
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