All the CMR examinations were performed with a 1.5-T scanner (Aera, Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) using a phased-array body coil, and patients were confirmed by electrocardiography if they were in sinus rhythm and monitored during the procedure. All the sequences were acquired using prospective cardiac gating. The CMR protocol in the order of first to latest consisted of breath-hold black – axial blood fast spin-echo (SE), multiple breath-hold long-axis 4-chamber, long axis 2-chamber, and 9-12 stack of short axes cine images breath-hold using balanced steady-state free precession imaging (SSFP), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences in 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and short-axis views covering entire LV myocardium. LGE sequences were obtained approximately 12 minutes (range 10-15 minutes) after the administration of 0.20-0.22 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magne-vist, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany). The parameters for SSFP cine images were as follows: TR/TE = 3.8/1-3 ms, slice thickness = 8 mm with 2 mm interslice gap, temporal resolution = 35 m; and parameters for LGE sequences were as follows: TR/TE = 9/3 ms, slice thickness = 8 mm with 2 mm interslice gap, and inversion time = 200-300 ms adjusted according to the patient to completely null the myocardial signal. Total acquisition time ranged between 40 and 60 minutes.