For cell transplant assays, APs were isolated and transplanted in WAT as previously described (Jeffery et al. 2016 (link); Rodeheffer et al. 2008 (link)). For mTmG samples, NucRed™ Live 647 ReadyProbes™ Reagent (Thermo Fischer, R37106) was used as live/dead stain at 1:600 dilution. VWAT and SWAT of AP-ERαKO animals were pooled and GFP expression confirmed via FACS. Recipient male C57Bl/6J mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and surgeries performed using sterile technique. 0.5–1 million ERαKO AP cells were re-suspended in 15uL of PBS and injected into the left SWAT of 4–5-week-old congenic wildtype mice. A control PBS injection was done in the right SWAT. Mice were allowed to recover for 2 weeks, then placed on a HFD and treated with BrdU for 1 week. Left and right SWAT tissues were collected and analyzed separately via flow cytometry for incorporation with BrdU. ERαKO APs were identified by GFP fluorescence. Results were counted only for transplants in which more than 100 individual GFP-positive donor AP cells were recovered in the recipient SWAT.