Cardiometabolic Parameter Measurement Protocol

Measurement of cardiometabolic parameters was conducted based on previous studies (Jung et al., 2020a (link)). All cardiometabolic parameters (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, FFA, glucose, and insulin levels; HOMA-IR; and HOMA-β) were analyzed by the Seegene Medical Foundation (an organization certified by the Korean government). Eight milliliters of venous blood was collected in a serum separating tube (SST). Clot formation was ensured in the SST by centrifuging the sample at 3500 rpm for 10 min. TC level was determined using an enzymatic kinetic assay using Cobas C702 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). HDL-C and LDL-C levels were detected using a homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric assay using Cobas C702 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The glucose level was determined using an enzymatic kinetic assay using Cobas8000 C702 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), and the insulin level was detected using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) using Cobas8000 e602 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated using the following formula: HOMA-IR = [glucose (mg/dl) × insulin (μU/ml)]/405, HOMA-β = [360 × insulin (μU/ml)/glucose (mg/dl) − 63] (Jung et al., 2020a (link)).