Differentiation of Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were obtained from the Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). SH-SY5Y cells are established as an NDDs model and could be differentiated into terminal neurons by retinoic acid (RA)-treatment. The cells were maintained in a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium and Ham’s F12 (DMEM/Hams’ F12) (Nacalai, Kyoto, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM of L-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Nacalai, Kyoto, Japan) in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37 °C. Cell culture media were replaced every 2 days, and, at 80–90% of confluence, the cells were sub-cultured [25 (link)].