GelMA-based Osteoblast Cell Encapsulation

GelMA (degree of modification 76%) was self-made [29 (link)], poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(hydroxyethoxy) phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone (Irgacure 2959), and deuterium oxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). nHA (<100 nm particle size) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Collagenase type I were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). MC3T3-E1 (mouse osteoblast cell line, six passages), fetal bovine serum, Alpha Modification Eagle Medium (α-MEM), and PBS buffer (pH 7.4) were purchased from Union Hospital (Beijing, China). The live/dead assay kit was purchased from ABcam (Britain, UK). All other reagents and solvents were of reagent grade.