RV strains used were simian RV SA11 strain (G3P[2]) and bovine RV RF strain (G6P[1]) and were rescued using reverse genetics (detailed below) (42 (link), 71 (link), 95 (link), 96 (link)). The natural isolate of the RF strain was a kind gift from the laboratory of Dr. Ulrich Desselberger (University of Edinburgh, UK). Viruses were propagated in MA104 cells cultured in DMEM supplemented with 0.5 μg/mL porcine pancreatic trypsin type IX (Sigma-Aldrich), and viral titers were measured by plaque assay as described below.