A transwell migration assay was conducted as per our previous study (30 (link)). Briefly, cells in the logarithmic growth phase were seeded in the upper transwell chamber insert (Corning, USA) at a density of 2×104 cells per well. To inhibit cell division, serum-free medium containing 1 mM mitomycin was used to replace the complete medium. A 24-well plate was used to place the chamber, where the upper chamber containing FBS-free medium and the lower chamber containing 10% FBS complete medium. Cells cultured for 24 hours. Then discarded the medium and stained the cells with 1% crystal violet solution in order to present the amount of migrated cells.