Blue-light induction was accomplished by either (1) illuminating cultures grown in glass culture tubes on a roller drum or (2) in a Light Plate Apparatus (LPA) (Gerhardt, et al., 2016 ). Light intensity was measured and validated using a standard photodiode power sensor and power meter (Thorlabs #S120VC, Thorlabs #PM100D). The LPA was calibrated as described in Sweeney, et al (Sweeney, Moreno Morales, Burmeister, Nimunkar, & McClean, 2019 (link)) so that consistent light doses could be delivered between LPAs and between experiments.