At enrollment and at each time-point, metabolic and functional parameters (i.e. glucose, insulin, lipid profile, liver and renal function) were assessed by a standardized validated protocol, using an automatic biochemical analyzer (ILAB 650, Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was estimated using the Friedewald formula [33 (link)], while non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C) was calculated by subtracting HDL-C from total cholesterol (TC). The HOMA-Index and Cockroft-Gault index were calculated according to the relevant formula [34 (link), 35 (link)].
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