We selected monocyte and macrophage activation markers, as well as specific inflammatory markers that have previously been associated with NCI in ART-naïve individuals35 (link)36 (link)37 (link). Levels of selected monocyte activation and inflammatory markers were measured in CSF and blood plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): sCD163 (Trillium Diagnostics, Brewer, ME, USA); or by electrochemiluminescence multiplex assay: MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α, (Meso Scale Diagnostics, Rockville, MD, USA), according to the manufacturer’s procedures.
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