A human vocal fold fibroblast cell line produced by the Branski Laboratory, referred to as HVOX, was employed in the current study.1 (link) A primary cell line Human Dermal Fibroblast neonatal (HDFn, ATCC® PCS-201–010) was used for the transcriptomic assay. HVOX and HDFn were cultured in tissue culture plastic flasks and maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) (Life Technologies) with 10% fetal bovine serum heat-inactivated (Genesee Scientific, San Diego, CA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The media was replaced every 3 days. Cell passages 7–15 were used for this study; HVOX were passaged by incubating with trypsin-EDTA (0.25%, Life Technologies) for 5 minutes and seeding onto tissue culture plastic flasks (VWR, Radnor, PA).