EMSA were performed as described [17 (link)]. Briefly, nuclear extracts from cerebral cortex of E14.5 c-fos +/+ and c-fos −/− embryos were prepared as specified by Wang et al. [11 (link)] and stored at −70°C until use. Double stranded oligonucleotide containing the AP-1 consensus sequence TGAGTCA (5´-CGCTTGATGAGTCAGCCGGAA-3´) (Promega) was end-labeled with 32P-ATP using T4 polynucleotide kinase. AP-1 binding reaction, AP-1 competition assay and electrophoresis in non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels were performed as stated by the manufacturer (Promega). For detection of the components of the AP-1 complex we used 1 uL of anti c-Fos (sc-52, Santa Cruz), anti Fra-2 (sc-604, Santa Cruz), anti c-Jun (sc-1694, Santa Cruz) and 0.5 uL of goat anti mouse (A11031, Molecular Probes).
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