Total RNA was isolated from the colon using a commercial kit (Nucleospin RNA/Protein; Macherey-Nagel, France). Proteins and mRNA are obtained from the same colon sample and not from two portions of the same sample using this kit. RNA quantification was performed by spectrophotometry (Nanodrop; Nyxor Biotech, France). Reverse transcription of mRNA was carried out in a final volume of 20 µL from 1 µg total RNA (high capacity cDNA RT kit; Applied Biosystems, Villebon Sur Yvette, France). cDNA was amplified by PCR using Fast SYBR green (Applied Biosystems) in the one-step system (Applied Biosystems). SYBR green dye intensity was analyzed using one-step software. All results were normalized to the reference gene, POLR2A [50 (link),51 (link)].
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