oil, potassium ferricyanide (99%), potassium ferrocyanide (98.5–102%),
sodium hydroxide (>98%), sodium oxalate (≥99.5%), potassium
chloride (99.0–100.5%), sodium sulfate (≥99.0%), ammonium
chloride (≥99.5%), potassium phosphate monobasic (≥99.0%),
calcium chloride (≥96.0%), sodium chloride (≥99.0%),
graphite powder (<20 μm), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
tablets were purchased from Merck (Gillingham, UK). CB (Super P, >99+%),
urea (98+%), creatinine (98+%), and hydrochloric acid (37% ACS grade)
were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Recycled
PLA was purchased from Gianeco (Turin, Italy). Commercial conductive
PLA/CB filament (1.75 mm, ProtoPasta, Vancouver, Canada) was purchased
from Farnell (Leeds, UK). Recycled nonconductive PLA filament was
produced in-house as previously reported.20 (link) All solutions were prepared with deionized water of resistivity
not less than 18.2 MΩ cm from a Milli-Q Integral 3 system from
Millipore UK (Watford, UK).