Ex vivo tests were described elsewhere [31 (link)]. Briefly, isolates of P. falciparum (parasitaemia ≥ 4000/μL to 200,000/μL) were collected before treatment and at day of recurrent parasitaemia. Drug sensitivity tests were performed within 24 h of bleeding, without culture adaptation using the modified isotopic micro-test technique [25 (link)]. The drugs tested were lumefantrine (Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland), dihydroartemisinin (Sigma Tau., Rome, Italy) and monodesethylamodiaquine (WHO/TDR, Geneva, Switzerland).
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