The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR; Sigma-Aldrich) as described previously60 (link). Cells were grown in YP galactose medium until mid exponential phase, a sample was collected and 100 mM glucose was added after which a new sample was taken. 5 µg/mL DHR was added to the cells and incubated for 2 h. ROS production was visualized using fluorescence microscopy (Axioplan 2 imaging, Zeiss).
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