Blood collections were performed at study entry and follow-ups. Tests on serum markers were performed using commercial kits: HBsAg and HBeAg by radioimmunoassay (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), ALT by serum chemistry autoanalyzer (model 736; Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan) using commercial reagents, serum HBV DNA levels by polymerase chain reaction (COBAS Amplicor; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) for baseline samples, and by real-time polymerase chain reaction (COBAS TaqMan; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) for follow-up samples. Serum HBsAg levels were quantified using the Elecsys HBsAg II Quant assay (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). M2BPGi was quantified with a novel sandwich immunoassay using the fully automated chemiluminescence enzyme immunoanalyzer, HISCL-5000 (Sysmex Co., Kobe, Japan)21 (link). Raw counts of M2BPGi were converted to a standardized cut-off index (COI) for analysis32 (link).
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