Antibacterial Efficacy of LmPS against Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

Two Gram-positive (G⁺) [Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19,117] and two Gram-negative (G⁻) [Salmonella enterica ATCC 43,972 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922] bacteria stains were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of LmPS. The bacterial strains origin as well as cell culture were previously reported by Ben Hsouna [5 (link)]. Briefly, bacteria were obtained from both the international collections of the American Type of Culture Collection (ATCC) and the local collection of cultures from the Center of Biotechnologie of Sfax (Tunisia). The bacterial progeny was grown on MH agar (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) at a temperature of 37 °C for 12–14 h. The inoculum preparation was carried out using an overnight broth culture by dilution in saline solution to 10⁶ colony-forming units (CFU/mL).