Participants were asked to report their date of birth, sex (male or female), ethnicity (participants self-identified to standard census definitions), smoking status, postcode, medical history, and current medications. Two ethnicity groups were created for this analysis, with White British, White Irish, or any other White background being grouped as WE and Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or any other South Asian background as SA (Yates et al., 2020 (link)).
Body weight and body composition (Tanita SC-330ST, Tanita, West Drayton, UK), height (Height Measure, Seca, Birmingham, UK), and waist circumference (midpoint between the lower costal margin and iliac crest) were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg, 0.1%, and 0.5 cm, respectively. Arterial blood pressure was measured in the sitting position (Omron Healthcare, Henfield, UK); three measurements were obtained and the average of the last two used.
Body weight and body composition (Tanita SC-330ST, Tanita, West Drayton, UK), height (Height Measure, Seca, Birmingham, UK), and waist circumference (midpoint between the lower costal margin and iliac crest) were measured to the nearest 0.1 kg, 0.1%, and 0.5 cm, respectively. Arterial blood pressure was measured in the sitting position (Omron Healthcare, Henfield, UK); three measurements were obtained and the average of the last two used.
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