GBC-PDOs cultures were established from tumor tissue samples of patients diagnosed with moderated differentiated and pT3 N0/N1 Mx stage (Eight edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)) advanced tubular GBC. Gallbladder tumor organoids were generated as previously described [54 (link)]. For organoids cultures, dissociated cells were washed in 1× DPBS and embedded in growth factor reduced Matrigel (#356231, Corning, NY, USA) and cultured in complete media (Intesticult (#6005, Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada), 0.5 μmol/L A83-01 (#SML0788; Sigma-Aldrich), 100 ng/mL, FGF10 (#100-26, PeproTech, Inc., Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), 100 ng/mL HGF (#100-39; Peprotech), 10 nmol/L Gastrin I (#G9145; Sigma), 10 mmol/L N-acetyl-l-cysteine (#A9165; Sigma-Aldrich) 10 mmol/L nicotinamide (#N0636; Sigma-Aldrich), 1× B27 supplement (#17504-044; Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), 1× N2 supplement (#175020-048; Gibco), 1 mg/mL Primocin (#ant-pm-1; InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA) and 10.5 μmol/L Y-27632 (#Y0503, Sigma-Aldrich). Organoids were passaged via mechanical dissociation and passage was performed weekly with a 1:3 ratio.
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