Gelatinization temperature was determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC 2000, TA instruments, New Castle, DE, USA), as described previously [24 (link)]. FBFB samples (1.0–1.4 g) were reconstituted in distilled water at 20 °C to a fixed (30:1) water-to-starch ratio, stirred for 15 min at 500 rpm. A sub-sample (20–30 mg) was sealed hermetically in an aluminium differential scanning caloriemetry Tzero pan, equilibrated at 20 °C, and heated to 95 °C at 5 °C/min; an empty pan was used as a reference.
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