Mouse lungs were fixed with formaldehyde, paraffin embedded, and stained by multiplexed-ISH using optimized protocols, as previously described (39 (link), 40 (link)). Briefly, mouse lungs were directly placed into 4% PFA prepared in 1× PBS upon excision, fixed for 48 h at 4°C, and paraffin embedded. Next, 2-μm sections were cut from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks and mounted onto Superfrost Plus microscope slides (Fisher Scientific). ISH for M. tuberculosis 23S and pre-rRNA was carried out by RNAscope (Advanced Cell Diagnostics), which was performed as described earlier (39 (link), 40 (link)). Sequences for the M. tuberculosis-rRNA ISH probes were previously described (40 (link)). Whole-slide digital images were acquired at ×40 magnification using an Axio Scan Z1 slide scanning fluorescence microscope (Zeiss).
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