The mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) at these sampling sites in this study were taken from a global database with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 km2 (http://www.worldclim.org ) (Wang et al., 2020 (link)). Aridity index data (AI, precipitation/evapotranspiration) were downloaded from Global raster data (CGIAR-CSI, https://cgiarcsi.community ) at 30 arcsec resolution. Low value of AI indicates a drier climate.
The 0-10 cm soil layer was sampled using a soil drill with a 6 cm diameter. In each plot, 30 sampling sites were randomly chosen to collect soil and then mixed. Subsequently, after air-drying and removing any pebbles and plant debris, the soil samples were ground to pass a 2-mm sieve. The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were measured by elemental analyzer (Vario MAX CN Elemental Analyzer, Elementar, Germany).
The 0-10 cm soil layer was sampled using a soil drill with a 6 cm diameter. In each plot, 30 sampling sites were randomly chosen to collect soil and then mixed. Subsequently, after air-drying and removing any pebbles and plant debris, the soil samples were ground to pass a 2-mm sieve. The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were measured by elemental analyzer (Vario MAX CN Elemental Analyzer, Elementar, Germany).
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