Sediment culture was performed in parallel to enrich for microorganisms, as this was previously shown to be more sensitive.25 (link) Briefly, 5–15 mL of urine was centrifuged at 1400×g for 10 min. The sediment was resuspended in 400 µL of sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (Life Technologies, United Kingdom). Tenfold serial dilutions were performed in PBS, and 50 µL volumes were plated onto ChromID CPS Elite agar (bioMérieux, France). Cultures were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18–24 h. Following incubation, microbial colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics, United States).