The collagen contents of the decellularized heart valve ECMs were determined by quantifying hydroxyproline which makes up 14.3% of collagen weight.34 (link) The decellularized heart valve ECMs were hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl at 120 °C for 3 h and air-dried overnight. Then the collagen contents were quantified by a Hydroxyproline assay kit (Millipore Sigma) following manufacturer’s instructions (n=3). For the GAG content analysis, the decellularized heart valve ECMs were digested with pepsin and tested with a Blyscan Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan assay following manufacturer’s instructions (n = 3).