The solvent for extractions, LC-MS and NMR analysis, deuterium oxide (D2O) plus TSP (4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), sodium azide (NaN3), potassium phosphate buffer, potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), NaNO2, AlCl3, NaOH, rutin and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy).
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