Detailed nanoITIES pipet electrode fabrication and characterization were reported in recent work.21 (link),29 (link),30 (link),32 (link)–34 (link) Briefly, the nanopipets were pulled with a P-2000 Laser Puller (Sutter Instruments Novato, CA) using quartz capillaries (1 mm outer diameter, 0.7 mm inner diameter, 7.5–10 cm length). The pulling parameters are listed in Table S1 under the Supporting Information . A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to quantitatively determine the inner radii of the nanopipets. Using a high-resolution sputter coater (Quorum Technologies LTD, Kent, U.K.), the nanopipets were coated with a thin film of Au/Pd, and the nanopipet orifices were imaged through high resolution field emission SEM (FEI dual-beam 235, FEI Co., Hillsboro OR) under a 15 kV electron beam. A transmission electron microscope (TEM; Philips CM200, FEI Co., Hillsboro OR) was also used to quantitatively determine the diameter of the nanopipets under a 120 kV electron beam.
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Fabrication and Characterization of nanoITIES Pipet Electrodes
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Corresponding Organization : University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- Pulling parameters of the P-2000 Laser Puller
- Inner radii of the nanopipets
- Diameter of the nanopipets
- Quartz capillaries (1 mm outer diameter, 0.7 mm inner diameter, 7.5–10 cm length)
- Positive control: Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used to quantitatively determine the inner radii of the nanopipets
- Positive control: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) used to quantitatively determine the diameter of the nanopipets
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