Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Patients

The subjects enrolled in this study were recruited from the endocrinology department of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. This study has been approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. A prior written informed consent was obtained from each participant in this study. The subjects were dividedinto three groups: normal control (NC group, n=43), diabetes without cardiovascular diseases (DM group, n=60), and diabetes with cardiovascular diseases (CVD group, n=51). The inclusion criteria of subjects in the NC group were: no history of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, normal glucose tolerance in OGTT, normal coronary angiography, no history of carotid artery disease or peripheral arterial disease. Diabetes were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO, 1999) (18 (link)). Data on vital signs, anthropometric factors, medical history and behaviors as well as physical activity were collected. Additional data, including weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, glycemia and glycated hemoglobin were obtained for each individual. Diabetes patients in CVD group were evidenced as follows: ischemic heart disease defined by clinical history, and/or ischemic electrocardiographic alterations; peripheral vascular disease including atherosclerosis obliterans and cerebrovascular disease based on history, physical examinations and Doppler velocimetry.