Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 20 to 25 ml of peripheral blood samples via Ficoll density gradient centrifugation (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden). According to the recommendation of the international working group of the experts in flow cytometry [7 (link)], CD3, CD4, CD25, CD127, and FoxP3 markers were used to analyze human Treg cells using a gating strategy illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1. Specifically, CD3-FITC, CD45-PerCP, CD127-APC (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), CD4-Alexa Fluor® 700, (EXBIO a.s., Prague, Czech Republic), Foxp3-PE, and CD25-Brilliant Violet (BioLegend, San Diego, USA) antibodies (Abs) were used. For intracellular staining, we used Foxp3-Fix/Perm and Foxp3-PErm Buffers (BioLegend, San Diego, USA). The flow cytometric data were collected on a LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and analyzed using Summit 4.3 software (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).
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