African green monkey kidney cells (VERO, ATCC-American Type Culture Collection CCL-81) and Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK, ATCC® CRL-2936™) were propagated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM; Euroclone), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Euroclone), 2 mM l-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate.
Acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) clinical isolate (kindly provided by V. Ghisetti, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy) was propagated and titrated by plaque assay on VERO cells as described previously [31 (link)]. The influenza A virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (IAV) was a generous gift from Arianna Loregian (University of Padua, Italy), and was propagated and titrated by plaque assay on MDCK cells. Infections with IAV were performed in the presence of 2 µg/mL TosylPhenylalanylChloromethylKetone -treated trypsin from bovine pancreas (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA) and 0.14% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA) in serum-free complete medium [32 (link)].
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