DNA was extracted from PBMC, BAL samples, and frozen lung tissue using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). RNA extraction was performed by homogenizing pooled frozen lung biopsies (n = 3 per animal) in 1 mL TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) using the MP Fastprep-24 (MP Biomedicals) and the RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN). cDNA synthesis was performed using 5 μg total RNA and Superscript IV reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen) with oligo(dT) primers (Invitrogen). qPCR was performed in duplicate on an ABI Prism 7500 using TaqMan 2× Universal Master Mix (Applied Biosystems). DNA qPCR was performed with primers and probes specific for SVV ORF21 and the single copy gene OSM (70 (link)) (Supplemental Table 2). cDNA qPCR was performed with primers and probes specific for SVV ORF63 (17 (link)) (Supplemental Table 2), OSM (70 (link)), CXCL10 (Mf02788358_g1) (47 (link)), CDH5 (Mf00901470_m1), CLDN2 (Mf04369164_m1), CLDN10 (MF02862371_m1), CLDN18 (Mf02805373_m1), DDX58 (Mf02789247_m1), GAPDH (Mf04392546_g1), IFIT1 (Mf04355804_m1), IFN-α2 (Mf04256335_s1), IFN-γ (Mf02788577_m1), MX1 (Mf00895608_m1), and STAT1 (Hs01013996_m1) (Applied Biosystems).
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