Samples were taken two times, first within 36 h of intubation (baseline) and again after 7 days of intubation (follow-up).
In each sampling, four oral habitats were sampled: buccal mucosa, tongue, buccal dental surface and gingival pocket. Every sample was taken by a trained dentist.
Sampling the posterior part of the dorsum of the tongue and buccal mucosa, we used ESwab™. ESwab combines a COPAN-invented flocked swab with 1 mL of liquid amine in a plastic, screw cap tube. Dental plaque was collected from the buccal dental surface side using Tooth Cleanic KerrHawe—KWX-OP-SZ-011, and after collection, the brush was placed in 1 mL of Liquid Amies in a plastic screw cap tube. Three pieces of PerioPaper Strips, designed to absorb or carry 0–1.2 µl of fluid, were used to collect gingival cerficular fluid (GCF) samples. The strips were placed in the gingival pocket for 30–45 s until its surface soaked up. To minimize the risk of preanalytical errors during sample collection, sterile gauze was used to remove excess saliva from the mucosae and dry the dental surfaces, preventing salivary contamination of GCF.
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