VAP was defined as new or changing chest X-ray infiltrate/s occurring more than 48 h after initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation, plus both of the following: (i) new onset of fever (body temperature ≥ 38 °C)/hypothermia (body temperature ≤ 35 °C) and/or leukocytosis (total peripheral white blood cell count ≥ 10,000 cells/µL)/leukopenia (total WBC count ≤ 4500 cells/µL)/ > 15% immature neutrophils; (ii) new onset of suctioned respiratory secretions and/or need for acute ventilator support system changes to enhance oxygenation [13 (link)].
Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was defined as the presence of bacteremia originating from an intravenous catheter. Microbiological samples were performed using BacT/ALERT SA (aerobic) and BacT/ALERT SN (anaerobic) bottles incubated in the BacT/Alert 3D blood culture instrument (bioMérieux, Ballerup, Denmark) [14 (link)].
Fungal infection was diagnosed as previously described [15 (link)].
Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was defined as the presence of bacteremia originating from an intravenous catheter. Microbiological samples were performed using BacT/ALERT SA (aerobic) and BacT/ALERT SN (anaerobic) bottles incubated in the BacT/Alert 3D blood culture instrument (bioMérieux, Ballerup, Denmark) [14 (link)].
Fungal infection was diagnosed as previously described [15 (link)].
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