To evaluate the serum biochemical markers of bone turnover and proinflammatory
cytokines, the associated ELISAs were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.21 (link) Specifically, ELISA for procollagen 1 N-terminal peptide (P1NP), receptor
activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and cross-linked
carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1; IDS, Frankfurt, Germany)
were detected for bone turnover; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and
interleukin 17 (IL-17) were also measured using commercial ELISA kits
(eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) to explore levels of inflammatory markers in
the serum and cell supernatant. Moreover, the serum levels of calcium (Ca) and
phosphorus (P) were measured using a plasma emission spectrometer (iCAP 6000;
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). In addition, to assess whether LGG
administration disturbed the TDF levels in blood, the serum TDF concentrations
in the five groups were detected using an Agilent 1260 HPLC instrument (Agilent
Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) as previously described.28 (link) Samples were measured at least in duplicate.
cytokines, the associated ELISAs were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.21 (link) Specifically, ELISA for procollagen 1 N-terminal peptide (P1NP), receptor
activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and cross-linked
carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1; IDS, Frankfurt, Germany)
were detected for bone turnover; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and
interleukin 17 (IL-17) were also measured using commercial ELISA kits
(eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) to explore levels of inflammatory markers in
the serum and cell supernatant. Moreover, the serum levels of calcium (Ca) and
phosphorus (P) were measured using a plasma emission spectrometer (iCAP 6000;
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). In addition, to assess whether LGG
administration disturbed the TDF levels in blood, the serum TDF concentrations
in the five groups were detected using an Agilent 1260 HPLC instrument (Agilent
Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) as previously described.28 (link) Samples were measured at least in duplicate.
