Plasma was collected from heparinised whole blood and stored at −80°C until use. HCMV infection status was determined by HCMV IgG ELISA (BioKit). IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT; NIBSC) and to formalin-inactivated whole H1N1 influenza virus (influenza A/California/7/2006(H1N1)v(NYMC-X179A); H1N1; NIBSC) were determined using in-house ELISA assays with goat anti-human IgG-peroxidase (Sigma) as the secondary antibody and SIGMAFAST™ OPD (Sigma) as the substrate. IgG concentrations were calculated by interpolation from a standard curve which was produced using anti-pertussis reference serum (NIBSC; IU/ml) or using plasma from a donor with high titres of antibodies to H1N1 influenza (IgG concentration expressed in Arbitrary ELISA Units, AEU) [28 (link)]). The pooled AB plasma used for in vitro assays contained 6.8 IU/ml IgG to PT and had an H1N1 titre of 273.8 AEU.