Cecal Fatty Acid Analysis Protocol

Fatty acid analysis was conducted using an Agilent 6890N GC system (Agilent Technologies, PA, United States) and performed as previously described (Zhao et al., 2006 (link); Kang et al., 2017 (link)). Briefly, cecal contents from each mouse were weighed and homogenized in 1 mL deionized water for 3 min. The pH value of the suspension was adjusted to 2–3, and the suspension was subsequently transferred into a polypropylene tube and centrifuged for 20 min at 3,000 g, yielding a clear supernatant. 2-ethylbutyric acid (TEBA) was used as the internal standard and added into the supernatant at a final concentration of 1 mM.