All patients underwent in-laboratory polysomnography (Alice 5, Philips Respironics, MA, USA) in a silent environment.29 (link) An apnea event was defined as a drop in the peak thermal sensor excursion by ≥90% of the baseline for at least 10 s. Hypopnea was defined as a decrease in the nasal pressure signal excursion by ≥30% for at least 10 s, accompanied by desaturation of 4% or more from the pre-event baseline or an arousal from sleep.30 (link) Apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI3), mean pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), and minimal SpO2 were recorded. OSA was defined as obstructive AHI ≥5 events/h.