SARS-CoV-2 recombinant proteins RBD, NTD, S1, S2P, and NC were designed, expressed, and purified as described in detail previously (24 (link)– (link)26 (link)). SARS-CoV-2 (GISAID accession EPI_ISL_406862) was kindly provided by Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany and cultivated on VERO E6 cells as described previously (27 (link)). For array spotting, the virus was inactivated by a 48-h incubation with β-propiolactone (βpL) (SERVA electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) diluted to a final concentration of 1:500.
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