Eighteen fresh tissue specimens of HCC and three fresh tissue of non-tumor adjacent tissue, as well as 162 paraffin-embedded HCC specimens were utilized, the detailed information was shown in Additional file 1: Table S1 The criteria for determining patient recurrence is that tumors is found in the liver, lung, skeleton, lymph and other positions after complete healing. These samples were collected during surgical procedures from patients with HCC according to a protocol approved by the institutional review board of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. All patients provided written, informed consent for participation in the study and provision of tumor samples. IHC was performed according to our previous methods [23 (link), 24 (link)]. Anti-MCM3 antibody (ab4460, Abcam) was used. The images were captured using the AxioVision Rel.4.6 computerized image analysis system (Carl Zeiss Co Ltd., Jena, Germany).
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