The level of ROS was assessed as described previously [19 (link)]. Briefly, mitochondrial superoxide was quantified by staining with 5 μM MitoSox red (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) for 15 minutes. Mitochondria were stained with 100 nM Mitotracker Green FM (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) for 15 minutes. The MitoSox/Mitotracker signal ratio was used to assess the ROS level per mitochondria. All images were collected with an IN Cell Analyzer 6000.
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