Collagen gels were prepared as per the manufacturer's instructions with the pregelation procedure carried out on ice with cold-incubated pipette tips. Briefly, collagen (Collagen I heavy chain [HC], rat tail −0.02 N in Acetic Acid; BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA) was mixed with HBSS (10% v/v without Ca++ or Mg++), neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, and equilibrated to 5 mg/mL collagen in HBSS. Gelation was carried out at room temperature for 30 min, and the gels were further incubated at 37°C for a minimum of 1 h.
For measuring the physical property change, 280 μL collagen gels were incubated with 280 μL of 0 or 1 mM CeN for 30 min. After incubation, CeN solution was removed, and the gels were blot dried and incubated for 2 days at 37°C before the measurements. Oscillatory amplitude sweep with 1 to 100 Pa at an angular frequency of 1 Hz, as described by Evani et al,31 (link) was used to calculate viscoelastic properties of the gels using the HAAKE MARS modular advanced rheometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Inc.) equipped with parallel plate-PP20. Storage modulus in linear viscoelastic range was measured as an indicator stiffness (Fig. 2 ).
For measuring the physical property change, 280 μL collagen gels were incubated with 280 μL of 0 or 1 mM CeN for 30 min. After incubation, CeN solution was removed, and the gels were blot dried and incubated for 2 days at 37°C before the measurements. Oscillatory amplitude sweep with 1 to 100 Pa at an angular frequency of 1 Hz, as described by Evani et al,31 (link) was used to calculate viscoelastic properties of the gels using the HAAKE MARS modular advanced rheometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Inc.) equipped with parallel plate-PP20. Storage modulus in linear viscoelastic range was measured as an indicator stiffness (
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