Pancreas samples from the head, body, or tail regions (Supplementary Table 1) were minced into ~3 × 3 mm pieces and fixed in cold, freshly prepared 2% paraformaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde for 48 h followed by transfer to phosphate-buffered saline for storage at 4 °C before batch shipment to the EM laboratory in the Netherlands53 . Tissue vibratome sections (~50 µm; Microm HM 650V) were post-fixed in osmium tetroxide/potassium ferrocyanide, followed by dehydration and flat-embedding in Epon as previously reported9 (link).
Semi-thin 1 μm sections were cut (UC7 ultramicrotome, Leica Microsystems, Vienna, Austria) and used to select regions with islets upon toluidine blue staining using light microscopy. Subsequent ultrathin (80 nm) sections were cut (UC7 ultramicrotome) and placed on formvar coated copper grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, Pennsylvania). Finally, sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate followed by Reynold’s lead citrate as previously described9 (link),54 .
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