SASP factors: CCL‐2/MCP‐1, IL1α, MMP‐1, PAI1, TNFα, IL‐6, and IL‐10 (Basisty et al., 2020 (link); Camell et al., 2021 (link); Englund et al., 2021 (link); Huang et al., 2018 (link)). CCL‐2/MCP‐1, IL1α, MMP‐1, PAI1, and cystatin C were quantified using multiplex magnetic bead immunoassays (R&D Systems) based on Luminex xMAP multianalyte profiling platform (Luminex® 100/200™ System) according to the manufacturer's protocol and analyzed on Bio‐Rad Bio‐Plex Manager 6.1. Cytokine biomarkers analyzed included C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and its receptors (TNFα‐R1 and TNFα‐R2), interleukin 6 soluble receptor (sIL‐6R), and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) as previously described (Langmann et al., 2017 (link)). For all proteins, more than 80% of the samples were within the detectable range. Undetectable targets were replaced with the lowest value for each protein.
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