In vitro induced Treg (iTreg) cells were differentiated as previously described (15 (link)). Briefly, CD4+CD25 cells were negatively selected from B6 or Pbx1-d Tg splenocytes using the CD4+CD25+ Treg isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotech), and then 5 × 105 cells were stimulated with mouse T-activator CD3/CD28 beads (Life Technologies) at the concentration of 1 × 106 beads/mL in the presence of 100 U IL-2, 20 ng/ml TGF-β (Pepro Tech), and 0–5 nM all-trans retinoic acid (RA) for 5 d. TH1 and TH17 polarization was performed as previously described (23 ).